Kezia Fitzgerald is a new mother with a 15-month-old daughter named Saoirse. Recently, Kezia was diagnosed with Hodgkin’s lymphoma, which is cancer that affects your immune system. This made it hard for Kezia to be a mother. She was being affected by the side-effects of chemotherapy such as nausea and becoming tired often. Also, she could not breast-feed Saoirse due to all of the radiation inside of her body.

Five months after Kezia’s diagnosis, Saoirse woke up and looked like she had just gotten into a fist-fight. She had bruises around her eyes and she could not walk and crawl properly. Her parents rushed her to the Emergency Room and the doctors diagnosed her with neuroblastoma, a type of cancer common in infants. It often starts in the adrenal gland, next to the spinal chord, or in the chest. Over 50% of neuroblastoma cases are children under two years old, and it is found in the upper body. They reassured Kezia that the cancer was not passed on during her pregnancy.

A diagram of the adrenal glands, the most common place for neuroblastoma to start.

These tragedies have also deeply affected the husband of Kezia, Mike Fitzgerald, in ways that it is hard to explain. “I thought, ‘My God, I’m at risk of losing both of my family members, the two most important people in my life?’” he said. Fortunately, Kezia is now in remission and we hope that her daughter will soon be as well.

Kezia and Saoirse

Sources:

CNN News Article

Daily Mail Article

How would you feel if you had a twin? How would you feel if you had a twin and you were conjoined together? And how would you feel if you and your conjoined twin had never seen each other? Well this is what it was like for Joshua and Jacob Spates. They were born on January 24th, conjoined at the pelvis and spine.

An X-ray of where the twins were connected

Their mother, Adrianne Spates, decided to separate the two because Jacob had a heart condition and if the two weren’t separated, would’ve killed them both. The surgeons knew that it would be a major operation, so to practice someone sewed two cabbage patch dolls together so that they could practice flipping the babies without tangling up cords.

A Cabbage Patch Doll

The twins were in surgery for a total of 13 hours, where a team of 34 doctors, nurses, and technicians separated the twins. Their mother was overjoyed to hear that her babies had made it, and finally the boys got to see each other for the first time.

The first time Joshua and Jacob saw each other

Conjoined twins occur in every 100,000 births, but 40-60% percent are born dead, and even more die shortly after birth. 1 in every 400 identical twin pregnancies will be conjoined twins. 15% of conjoined twins are born like Joshua and Jacob, conjoined at the pelvis. There have only been about two dozen cases of conjoined twins being successfully separated, the last one in 2000.

All in all, Joshua and Jacob are two very lucky babies who now get to live out independent lives together with their families beside them.

Sources:

Face to Face for the First Time

Conjoined Twins

Once Back-to-Back, now Face-to-Face

Sponge-Bob SquarePants is a cartoon comedy made Nickelodeon about a sponge named Sponge-Bob who lives underwater in a pineapple. His best friend is Patrick who is a starfish and lives under a rock.

Sponge-Bob and Patrick

A study was done to see how 9 minutes of doing or watching something effects a child’s attention and learning problems. Researchers took 60 4-year old children and randomly assigned them to watching Sponge-Bob SquarePants, Caillou, or draw pictures. The kids did what they were assigned to for nine minutes, then they did tasks requiring self control and focus. It was shown that the kids who watched Sponge-Bob did worse than the kids who colored or watched Caillou. The kids who watched Sponge-Bob scored on average 12 points lower than the other groups. In a test that measured self-control and impulsiveness, they were rated on how long they could wait before they ate a snack. The kids who watched Sponge-Bob waited 2 1/2 minutes versus at least 4 minutes for the other groups.

The study also had some problems that should be looked at. For one, the studies results should be looked at cautiously because of the small size of the study. Since the show is aimed towards kids ages 6-11, having 60 kids all of one age and that age not being the target age is a questionable method. Another problem is that the kids were not tested before watching Sponge-Bob so they don’t have anything to base the measurements on. Sponge-Bob isn’t the only fast paced cartoon, so it should not be singled out. This study could also have been done with other fast paced cartoons and the outcome would most likely be the same.

Young child watching tv

What kids watch is important but it doesn’t mean that kids can’t watch tv. Young kids should not watch fast-paced programs, but can watch slower paced ones. The reason 4-year olds were chosen is because that is the age period where you see the most development in a child. If children of other ages are affected by this can’t be determined. Angeline Lillard, a professor from the University of Virginia, who  published the study in the journal “Pediatrics”,  said that after watching shows like this, children are compromised in their ability to learn. She also said, “I wouldn’t advise watching such shows on the way to school or any time they’re expected to pay attention and learn.”

Sources:

Fox News

Christian Science Monitor

Yahoo News

Spongebob may be the longest-running  and best-loved show in Nickelodeon history, however its not getting plenty of love and support from child psychologists. ABC has a great video explaining this situation on their website. According to research that was published Monday in the journal Pediatrics, taking time watching fast-paced cartoons like Spongebob, even for a couple minutes, interrupts abstract thinking, short-term memory and impulse control in preschoolers.

Crazy ideas are exactly what children would want to try out or mock

To prove this case, researchers ( led by University of Virginia psychologist Angelina Lillard ) randomly assigned 60 four-year-olds to three activities which consisted of drawing freely with markers for 9 minutes, watching a slower-paced PBS cartoon ; or watching Spongebob Squarepants.

Doing activities that don’t correspond with TV are the best.

Afterwards the preschoolers were asked to do four different “executive function” tasks which included counting backwards, solving puzzles, and delaying gratification by waiting to eat a tasty snack until to do so. The Spongebob kids performed incomparably worse on the four tasks.

It was suspected that it was the fantastical events and rapid pacing of the Spongebob show that slows the preschoolers thoughts and education, but the PBS show ” Caillou ” was slower and exhibited real life events about a little boy who is in preschool himself leaving the preschoolers themselves in a better educational stage.

Television show Caillou educates children more than Spongebob

In a world where limiting kids’ access to media is a constant battle, the good news is that it seems only certain kinds of programming is unfavorable.Plus for those parents focusing on the quantity of TV watching only, they need to know that it’s not always about turning off the TV, it is about changing the channel also.

Putting reasonable limitations on hours spent watching TV is,of course, also important. But parents need to closely supervise their child’s TV habits and look for other opportunities to exercise kids synapses ( the region where nerve pulses are transmitted and received ), with involving activities like reading, playing outside and socializing with others.

Regarding all these opinions and facts from psychologists, in my younger days, Spongebob Sqaurepants was my #1 top favorite show.

Sources:

Opposing Views

ABC news

A far 7192 miles away, is a country called Angola. Two hundred years ago, the people of Angola were captured and sold as slaves in America, but in 2011 it’s a new era. Slavery is against the law, and ethnicities are equal to everyone. Back then the people would never had dreamed of a black president or any high status ethnicity, but now things have changed, and one woman in Angola has changed history for ever. Who is this incredible woman? Miss Universe.

Leila Lopes During Pageant

The winner of the 2011 Miss Universe is Leila Lopes. She represented Angola, a republic  on the western coast of south Africa. She was born on February 26^th , 1986 in Benguela  Angola. At 25 she’s a business management student in Great Britain. While in the UK she  was titled as the official Angolan representative in the UK on October 8^th, 2010. Being  crowned the Miss Angola UK started her career in beauty pageants.

After the Miss Angola UK win, Leila Lopes was eligible to take part in Miss Angola  2011. The only problem was that the Angolan population in Great Britain objected to this  because they thought since she wasn’t an actual resident of the UK, she shouldn’t be allowed to compete in the pageant. Even though they disapproved, Leila was titled Miss Angola on December 18^th , 2010. Through this victory she also acquired the right to  participate in Miss Universe on behalf of Angola. And she did.

Leila Lopes Being Crowned by Previous Winner

On September 12^th, 2011 in Sao Pablo, Brazil  Leila Lopes was nervously waiting on stage with  the runner up, Miss Ukraine Olesia Stefanko.  Squeezing each other’s hand for what must have  felt like an eternity, waiting to hear who’s name would be called. Finally Leila was called and she was crowned Miss Universe, she was the first Angolan winner. Beaming and laughing as the former Miss Universe, Ximena Navarrete, crowned her with the glittery tiara.

What makes this story so amazing is that it shows the world has changed and still is changing. If our society hadn’t have changed, Leila wouldn’t have been able to participate in this amazing opportunity. As beautiful as she is, things were different back then as well as beauty. Now a days, tan skin and darker skin is what most people find pretty but back then the lighter your skin the better. People of darker skin had been treated horribly by being sold as slaves and abused and treated like objects. When Leila won Miss Universe it went to show that things have changed and we don’t judge people by the color of your skin. It makes me happy to see that the world has changed and become a better place.

Sources:

Daily Mail UK

Time and Date

Best Fashion Style

Wikipedia

Miss Universe

Gumby Demands Money

Just after midnight on Labor Day, a bizarre robbery took place in a 7-11 store on Carmel Mountain Road in San Diego, California. A man walked into the store dressed in a Gumby costume, and he demanded money.

The store clerk thought that this was all a joke, and he told the man in the costume that he didn’t have time for this nonsense. Then, the Gumby man insisted that this was a robbery, and as he reached into his pocket to get his weapon, he didn’t have one. He insisted that he had a gun in his pocket, but as he fumbled with his pocket, he couldn’t produce a weapon. All that came out of his pocket was 27 cents in change.

It took about four minutes for Gumby to leave the store, with less money than he came with. He got into a white-colored minivan, and drove away with his accomplice. The clerk said that the driver honked his horn until Gumby got into the car. Even after the man left the store, the clerk still thought that this was one big joke, so he didn’t report the incident until six hours later. The whole event was caught on the store’s video surveillance camera, and after the clerk’s boss saw the video, he called the police.

19 year old Jacob Kiss surrendered to authorities after being caught on the 7-Eleven video camera after midnight on September 5th. He said that he never used the word “gun” or “robbery,” but he was the man in the Gumby suit. He said that he never intended to rob the store, and his costume was only a joke.

Sources:

San Diego News

Jacob Kiss Confesses

Walgreens

It was a Mother’s Day at 4:30 a.m. when two robbers went into Walgreens. Both men were armed when they went inside Walgreens. The first armed robber dragged a floor manager to the back of the store while the second robber pointed the gun at Jeremy Hoven. Hoven tried dialing 911 but got cut off by the robber. As the second robber still pointed his gun at Hoven, Hoven pulled out his gun and shot few bullets to scare away the robbers. The attempted robbery took only 42 seconds. There was no injury that has been reported.

Jeremy Hoven was 36 years old and worked the night shift at Walgreens, Benton Harbor. Hoven worked as a pharmacists at Walgreens. Jeremy was working at the time of the attempted robbery. Jeremy worked at Walgreens for nearly five years and three months. Jeremy received a permit to carry a firearm after the robbery in 2007. The first robbery Hoven was in was at the same Walgreens. Hoven asked for more security, but Walgreens refused, so he got his own weapon. In May, when the robber pointed the gun at Hoven, he claimed to be in self defense by shooting his own gun.

A week after the shooting, Jeremy was fired, because Walgreens believed Jeremy Hoven violated a policy. The company believed Jeremy Hoven violated the “non-escalation” policy. The policy requires employees to be complaint in emergency situation. Jeremy Hoven filed a wrongful termination lawsuit against Walgreens.

Jeremy Hoven

In my opinion, I thought Jeremy should’ve kept his job. He was being robbed but defended himself, another employee, and the store. I thought he should deserve a reward for his bravery in the event. I believe Walgreens should have followed his advice about better security so that a robbery wouldn’t be any trouble towards Walgreens. I thought Jeremy was doing a good thing.

You can find a video of the robbery at this link.

Sources:

-Source 1

-Source 2

-Source 3

-Source 4

-Source 5

2011 Miss Universe Contestants

Miss Universe is one of the most popular international beauty contests, with 600 million viewers. On September twelfth, in the Brazilian City of Sao Paulo , was that special day for 89 competitors and only one to be crowned Miss Universe. The judges include Helio Castroneves, Isabeli Fontana, Vivica Fox, Connie Chung, Adrienne Maloof, Lea Salonga, and Amelia Vega. The Judges judge the competitors on their swimsuit, evening gown, and the interview. This year the final two competitors were Leila Lopes representing Angola and Olesia Stefanko representing Ukraine. In the end, they chose Leila Lopes to be Miss Universe for 2011.

What really had the judges vote her to be Miss Universe was not only her looks but also the way she answered her interview question. The judges asked, “What physical trait would you change and why?” She responded , “Thank God I’m very satisfied with the way God created me and I wouldn’t change a thing. I consider myself a women endowed with inner beauty. I have acquired many wonderful principles from my family and I intend to follow these for the rest of my life.” Even though she is from a small place, she still had the confidence that she had a chance at being Miss Universe and having the crown. Now, she is the first to win from her country and the first African winner in thirteen years.

Sources:

• http://missuniverse.com/
• http://www.spotlightofpeace.com/
• http://en.wikipedia.org/
• http://www.ibtimes.com/
• http://www.cbsnews.com/

Have you ever thought about combining a jellyfish, monkey, and a kitten? What would you get? Well the scientists at Mayo Clinic have changed the DNA of cats. They have combined the genes from a jellyfish, rhesus macaque, and a kitten to make a glow-in-the-dark cat that will be resistant to feline AIDS.

A glow-in-the-dark cat used for AIDS research by Mayo Clinic.

Feline immunodeficiency virus, also know as FIV, causes AIDS in cats, which is similar to HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) in humans. They hope that the genetically-modified cats will give us more of an insight into autoimmune diseases, such as HIV/AIDS, which affects humans. Human AIDS and feline AIDS both get rid of infection-fighting T-cells. The human and feline types of proteins that defend mammals against virus invasions do not work against FIV and HIV. HIV has killed over 30 million people and FIV makes millions of cats suffer and die each year.  The scientists took virus-resistant genes from the rhesus macaque monkeys and florescent proteins from jellyfish and put them into unfertilized cat eggs. Once the eggs are fertilized, they then produce offspring that would glow under UV lights. The Mayo Clinic teams work has caused all offsprings of felines to have the genes that fight AIDS. This helps researchers identify the modified genes and find the proteins that have been changed in the cat’s genetic makeup. A top Mayo Clinic researcher named Dr. Eric Poeschla, told BBC News that the fact that the cats could glow was important since it was used “to mark cells easily just by looking under the microscope or shining a light on the animal.”

This is what a genetically modified cat looks like under normal light.

He also said “One of the best things about this biomedical research is that it is aimed at benefiting both human and feline health. It can help cats as much as people.” This study can be applied to other species and may lead to AIDS protection in humans.

This is the same genetically-modified cat, under UV lighting.

Bibliography:

My Fox Chicago

USA Today

NPR

Pictures:

Cat 1

Normal Cat

Glowing Cat

In 1957, Russia sent up the Sputnik into space, which was a little bigger than the size of a basketball. This was the first successful space launch ever.

Sputnik was the first satellite launched into space.

After this, Russia and NASA have been sending many shuttles and satellites into space. When the shuttles move that fast, pieces of metal are bound to come off. Also, meteors are impacting satellites in space in much of the same way as the other pieces of metal. Over time as more and more shuttles and satellites were sent into space, pieces of metal started accumulating. Some pieces hundreds of pounds, and others only sizes of dust.

Space Debris from shuttles and satellites

There are now 22,000 pieces of junk in space. Not only are they in space, but they are traveling thousands of miles per hour. If they contact something in space, like another shuttle, then it would go right through the metal. Scientists are trying to find ways to catch the space junk. They are trying to send nets and other things into space to try to slow the junk down in order to make it fall into earths gravitational pull and fall down.

In conclusion, in order to stop the space junk from wrecking other satellites or objects in space, we need to find a way to slow the pieces down. If this is possible, then the space junk will slow down and fall into gravitational pull. Then fall down to the ground at a slower speed than that it was in space. NASA’s Orbital Debris Programing Office has been working to find ways to do this. Also, in the future launches, we need to find a way for the the rockets to be more stable so the metal will not fall off, thus adding more mechanical junk into space.

Bibliography

Wikipedia

Physorg

NASA

Space junk seems like a simple topic, but it isn’t. Many people don’t see the danger in 22,000 pieces of junk in our atmosphere around Earth. In reality, it is very dangerous. There are little pieces of junk, and there are some large ones. A tiny little speck of metal doesn’t seem like much harm, but when it is traveling at 10 kilometers a second, it could possibly cause great damage, or even kill you if it comes to Earth. Here is a couple of pictures so you may see the amount of space junk in the atmosphere.

The white dots are pieces of space junk floating in our Earths Atmosphere.

This also shows the many pieces of debris in out atmosphere.

NASA is trying to find a solution to try and bring the space junk down from Outer Space. They realize that the space junk is being put in space globally. This means that anyone from around the world could possibly be putting junk in space.  NASA will not try any operation for 10 to 20 years, to try to get the space junk down to Earth Although they are working out different ideas to get it down.

Scientists have recently discovered that some pieces of space debris will fall toward Earth. They don’t know the exact day, but they have narrowed it down to Thursday, Friday, or Saturday. Scientists announced that it would very unlikely that many people would get hit, because 75% of the Earth is water. They said to just be careful. Space junk is dangerous, but NASA will find a solution.

Bibliography:

Picture #1

Picture #2

NASA

Shortly after midnight on September 5th of this year there was an incident at a local 7-Eleven in 9700 block of Carmel Mountain Road, San Diego. One man disguised as gumby with his accomplice who was dressed casually both attempted to rob the 7-Eleven. It was said that both men were drinking earlier and meant no serious harm . The funny thing was that both men were empty handed and had no weapon. They brought no threat at all to the cashier.

Both unarmed robbers go towards the cashier.

chicagotribune

The store clerk did not take the robbers seriously when they demanded for money. The robber in the gumby suit was fumbling around his pockets as if to pull out weapon but only managed to drop 26 cents. The clerks discovered both men were empty handed and began to call the cops. The robbers fled without a word. The robbers were not capable of completing their motive, but actually managed of losing 26 cents!

The Incident took place at a 7-Eleven in San Diego

The next morning the robbers turned themselves in. The two fake robbers were then identified as Jacob Kiss (Gumby Robber), and Jason Giramma. They were both at the age of 19. Both turned themselves in to the Police. Jason told the news that they were both just playing around and never  intended to rob the store and never had a weapon. My question is, why waste their time getting themselves in trouble when what they did was just silly and, they were also unprepared.

The robbers were not capable of completing their motive, but actually managed of losing 26 cents!

Bibliography

chicagotribune

gumbyworld

7_eleven

gumbyphoto

Does Spongebob really makes kids stupid? Well according to Angeline Lillard, a psychologist at the University of Virginia it does.

University of Virginia

A team of researches from the University of Virginia assigned 60 random 4 year olds kids to three different activities. Those activities were drawing freely with markers for 9 minutes, watching a slow paced cartoon, Caillou for 9 minutes and watching Spongebob Squarepants for 9 minutes. The difference between Caillou and Spongebob is that Caillou switches scenes about 2 times a minute, but Spongebob changes scenes every 11 seconds. After the 9 minutes were up each of the 60 kids were asked to do a series of tasks, which were counting backwards, solving puzzles having them wait to eat a snack until they were finished what they were told to do. These tasks tested the children’s capability to do things and their impulse control. After the tasks were finished, the researchers found out that the kids who watched Spongebob did worse on the tasks than the kids who drew and watched Caillou. It also showed that the kids that watched Spongebob after 9 minutes couldn’t concentrate and couldn’t learn as well. But the makers of Spongebob disagreed with this study saying that Spongebob was made for kids who were 6 and up and that it was for entertainment and not for learning purposes. Do you agree with this study that Spongebob makes kids stupid?

SpongeBob Squarepants

Sources: ABC News

Over the past several decades scraps of metal and other mechanical materials have been piling up in our Earth’s orbital ring. From the size of a crumb to the windshield of a car, metal is floating in space. We know these objects as “Space Junk”. You would not think that a tiny piece of metal could do much harm but it can. Any piece of metal or space junk is traveling at 1,300 mph and if you were flying a space shuttle, it would slice right through like a knife through warm butter.

Floating space debris

There are about 22,000 pieces of space junk in space. Some pieces even weigh at least several hundred pounds. So far, some theories on removing space junk is to fly a spaceship up into our orbital ring and grab the dangerous materials. Other ideas are to shoot a laser at a piece to slow down it’s orbit, causing it to fall down to Earth. Unfortunately, there are no realistic solutions that fit within our economic budget.

All in all, one day there might be a solution to dispose of the space junk. It may not occur soon because our government has other priorities. Space junk is still a problem and it is just like litter on our Earth. One day it will be cleaned up.

Cleaning our Earth

Bibliography

Cleaning our Earth

Floating Space Junk

Space Junk Article

Spongebob SquarePants is a very popular television show for many ages. It is a comedy about underwater sea animals, the main character a sponge, and their daily lives. Although Spongebob is entertaining, is it good for young children to watch?

This is a picture of Spongebob and his best friend Patrick.

A study published Monday September 12^th by Angeline Lillard from the University of Virginia and some of her colleagues, found that 4-year-olds performed worse on tests requiring focus and self-control after watching just nine minutes of SpongeBob SquarePants. During that nine minutes other children watched slow paced cartoons or sat quietly coloring. After that nine minutes the children were tested and the ones who watched the show we all love tested worse. The fast show actually stimulated their brain too much and apparently they couldn’t focus well when it came to the testing.

“We shouldn’t just assume that because they’re being quiet and in the living room that everything is OK,” said Dr. Michael Rich of Children’s Hospital of Boston.

A child sitting in front of the television for hours watching Spongebob.

Apparently this test proves we can’t. Not just with Spongebob but with other fast-paced cartoons children may be watching, it’s hard for them to fully understand things afterwards.

I do have a problem with this experiment though. As well as experts have said, I find that this doesn’t really show a long term effect. I don’t see any children that are watching Spongebob right before taking a test. So maybe if the test were also tested that an hour after watching, I would be more satisfied. No child would perform well to begin with right after watching any type of cartoons. I wouldn’t doubt that Spongebob performed bad but what cartoon would perform well?

Also, kid’s should have a little freedom of what they watch. Television wasn’t made to educate children it was made to entertain them. They should be allowed a little Spongebob here and there because all the time educational channels wouldn’t make your child necessarily any smarter in the end as someone who watches Spongebob all the time. We’ve all clearly had our share of Spongebob or other fast-cartoons and a lot of us our very successful. It shouldn’t matter what we watch on television, but how we apply ourselves to the work. If we work hard enough then a silly episode of Spongebob really won’t destroy that.

This study may have been conducted but I don’t necessarily agree it was a well-conducted experiment.

Bibliography

Info

Christian Science Monitor

WPXI

Independent

Pictures

Spongebob Picture

Child picture

There was a shooting at IHOP in Carson City, Nevada. Five national guards and, seven other people were killed in this rampage. The shooter, Eduardo Sencion, had no criminal record but some mental health issues. Eduardo Sencion pulled up in a blue minivan at 9 A.M. then when he got in he began shooting immediately. Nick Teply a witness heard 8 seconds of shooting before trying to find the source of it, then when another burst went off he said “All I heard was about a heavy eight seconds of automatic gunfire.” 11 agencies federal and state working at that crime scene. I think that Edwardo’s health problems caused him to kill these National guards because he could’ve had a nervous breakdown.
Eduardo Sencion with ihop scene

Bibliography

ABC NEWS

Yahoo News!

Morrison World News

Many people know the majorly popular TV show, Spongebob Sqaurepants.

A picture of Spongbob and his Bikini Bottom pals.

Spongebob is known to give parents headaches but how does this TV show affect kids? The picture below is an example of how kids watch TV.

Kids watching TV

Angeline Lillard and Jennifer Peterson of the University of Virginia psychology department decided to run a few experiments. They thought that a fast paced show would have an affect on a kids executive function. This function includes the skills of attention, memory, problem solving, and the showing of satisfaction. To set up the experiment they chose 60 random 4 year olds that would be tested. Each of these preschool kids were put into three different groups. One group would watch the fast paced animated TV show of Spongebob, one group would watch a slower show from PBS, and the other kids would draw a picture. This was done over a 9 minute time span. To test showing satisfaction they put either a goldfish cracker or marshmallow in front of the kids and told them they could eat it right away or wait until the scientists came back and get 10 marshmallows or goldfish crackers. The kids who watched Spongebob scored significantly lower than the kids who had been watching a PBS show and drawing pictures. The results showed that the kids who drew and watched PBS scored the same while kids who watched Spongebob scored lower. This showed that a slower paced TV show has no affect on kids executive function, only a fast TV show would. To test problem solving they asked the kids to move disks from one peg to another. After performing all of the test, the kids who watched Spongebob scored the lowest on all tests. But I do see a problem in this study, why are they testing on 4 year olds when the age target for this show is 6-11 years old?

Bibliography

The Christian Science Monitor

Spongbob photo

Los Angeles Times

University of Virginia